Agentic Systems Optimize Electric Bus Fleet Operations and V2G Integration.

Agentic systems are being explored to revolutionize the management of complex operational tasks, particularly in the context of electric bus fleets. These systems can connect diverse data sources and automate processes, addressing challenges like coordinating service reliability, battery status, charger availability, electricity prices, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) opportunities. The proposed framework integrates an optimization model for bus scheduling with supervisory agents that detect disturbances, adapt tariffs, and evaluate schedules. A realistic case study demonstrated that this agentic aggregation can support adaptive fleet-grid coordination, maintaining feasible schedules and improving the utilization of charging and V2G flexibility. However, the research also uncovered a critical trade-off: while agentic capabilities reduce operational complexity, they can also extract value from public transport operators if configured primarily for profit. The findings suggest that agentic aggregators hold significant promise for managing electric bus V2G operations. Successful deployment in public-fleet contexts will require transparent coordination modes, auditable tariff-setting mechanisms, and clear rules for value sharing to ensure equitable benefits.