IsabeLLM Enhanced for Formal Verification of Blockchain Consensus Protocols

This paper details significant improvements to IsabeLLM, an automated theorem proving tool integrated with Isabelle, aimed at formally verifying computer systems. While formal verification is traditionally complex and resource-intensive, AI-driven tools like IsabeLLM seek to automate much of this workload, making it more accessible for a wider range of applications. The enhancements to IsabeLLM include the implementation of a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework, which provides improved context to the underlying Large Language Model. Additionally, new features for error tracing and counterexample generation have been added, further aiding in the verification process. Compatibility with the latest versions of Isabelle and Sledgehammer has also been integrated to boost efficiency. The improved IsabeLLM was evaluated on its capacity to complete the formal verification of Bitcoin's Proof of Work consensus protocol. This application highlights the tool's potential for securing critical blockchain-based systems, which are frequently targeted by malicious actors and require robust verification to mitigate vulnerabilities and prevent financial losses.