Cost-Governed RAG Enables Unified Per-Tenant Cost Attribution

Navnit Shukla· July 15, 2026 View original

Summary

A new architecture called Cost-Governed RAG addresses the critical gap in enterprise LLM deployments by providing unified per-tenant cost attribution across both retrieval and generation layers. It integrates a codebook-oblivious vector index (TurboVec) with a multi-tenant LLM governance gateway, achieving high accuracy and significant cost reduction.

Enterprise deployments of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often struggle with accurately attributing costs across different tenants, particularly for the retrieval layer which includes vector memory and embedding API calls. This paper introduces Cost-Governed RAG, an innovative architecture designed to provide precise, unified per-tenant cost attribution for both retrieval and generation components. The core of this architecture is the integration of TurboVec, a codebook-oblivious vector index, with a multi-tenant LLM governance gateway. TurboVec's deterministic memory formula allows for near-exact calculation of per-tenant retrieval costs, a capability not typically found in graph-based indexes. Deployed within a cloud data platform, the system demonstrated 99.96% end-to-end cost attribution accuracy across simulated tenants, with minimal telemetry overhead. Furthermore, it achieved substantial reductions in retrieval infrastructure costs, ranging from 3.1 to 9.0 times compared to managed vector database services, while also enhancing security by removing shared-codebook leakage surfaces.

Why it matters

For organizations deploying multi-tenant RAG systems, this solution offers unprecedented transparency into operational costs, enabling fair billing, optimized resource allocation, and improved governance for AI services.

How to implement this in your domain

  1. 1Assess current RAG deployment costs, specifically identifying unattributed retrieval expenses.
  2. 2Investigate integrating a codebook-oblivious vector index like TurboVec for precise cost metering.
  3. 3Implement a multi-tenant LLM governance gateway to centralize cost attribution.
  4. 4Develop a unified observability stack to monitor and report per-tenant RAG costs.
  5. 5Evaluate the potential for retrieval infrastructure cost reduction by adopting this architecture.

Who benefits

SaaSCloud ServicesEnterprise SoftwareIT ConsultingFinancial Services

Key takeaways

  • Enterprise RAG deployments lack unified per-tenant cost attribution for retrieval and generation.
  • Cost-Governed RAG integrates TurboVec and an LLM governance gateway to solve this.
  • TurboVec's deterministic memory formula enables near-exact retrieval cost calculation.
  • The system achieves high cost attribution accuracy and significant infrastructure cost reduction.

Original post by Navnit Shukla

"arXiv:2607.12188v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Enterprise Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) deployments face a critical governance gap: while LLM generation cost is metered per token, the retrieval layer - vector memory, similarity compute, and embedding API calls - remains a…"

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