New Model Boosts Global Station Weather Forecasting Accuracy

Songru Yang, Zili Liu, Tao Han, Ben Fei, Fenghua Ling, Lei Bai, Chang Liu, Xiangyang Ji, Zhenwei Shi, Zhengxia Zou· July 16, 2026 View original

Summary

This paper introduces the Triaxial State Space Model (TSSM), a novel approach for global station weather forecasting that incorporates period-aligned historical data to capture long-term patterns. TSSM significantly improves accuracy, especially for extreme events and long-horizon predictions, while demonstrating robustness to missing observations.

Current global station weather forecasting methods often struggle with chaotic weather dynamics, extreme events, and error accumulation due to their overreliance on short-term data. This limitation prevents them from fully capturing the complex, long-term patterns essential for accurate predictions, especially with partial observations. Researchers propose the Triaxial State Space Model (TSSM) to overcome these issues. TSSM integrates a history-enhanced Temporal-Variable-Historical paradigm, which leverages period-aligned historical weather data. This allows the model to account for large-scale periodic and full-window weather patterns beyond immediate look-back windows. TSSM achieves state-of-the-art performance on the Weather-5K dataset, showing substantial gains in accuracy and extreme event metrics. Its advantages are particularly evident in long-horizon and iterative forecasting, and it maintains high performance even with significant missing data, making it highly practical for global observation networks.

Why it matters

Improved weather forecasting accuracy, especially for extreme events and long horizons, has critical implications for disaster preparedness, resource management, and various weather-sensitive industries.

How to implement this in your domain

  1. 1Explore integrating TSSM's temporal-variable-historical modeling approach into existing weather prediction systems.
  2. 2Leverage long-term, period-aligned historical weather data to enhance current forecasting models.
  3. 3Focus on improving predictions for extreme weather events by adopting TSSM's hierarchical sharing structure.
  4. 4Evaluate the robustness of current forecasting models against missing data and consider TSSM's approach for increased resilience.
  5. 5Collaborate with meteorological experts to validate and fine-tune TSSM for specific regional or global applications.

Who benefits

AgricultureLogisticsEnergyInsuranceDisaster Management

Key takeaways

  • TSSM significantly improves global station weather forecasting accuracy, especially for extreme events.
  • Incorporating period-aligned historical data is crucial for capturing long-term weather patterns.
  • The model demonstrates strong performance in long-horizon and iterative forecasting scenarios.
  • TSSM is highly robust to missing observations, making it practical for real-world networks.

Original post by Songru Yang, Zili Liu, Tao Han, Ben Fei, Fenghua Ling, Lei Bai, Chang Liu, Xiangyang Ji, Zhenwei Shi, Zhengxia Zou

"arXiv:2607.13101v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Global Station Weather Forecasting (GSWF) is pivotal for localized and extreme weather prediction over key regions. Despite efforts to exploit look-back windows, existing methods show limited accuracy gains and struggle with extreme…"

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Originally posted by Songru Yang, Zili Liu, Tao Han, Ben Fei, Fenghua Ling, Lei Bai, Chang Liu, Xiangyang Ji, Zhenwei Shi, Zhengxia Zou on X · view source

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