New Q-Learning Algorithm Boosts Robustness Against Data Corruption

Sreejeet Maity, Aritra Mitra· July 24, 2026 View original

Summary

Researchers introduce BR-Async-Q, an epoch-based robust Q-learning algorithm that uses data batching and robust Bellman operator estimates to defend against adversarial reward and state corruption, achieving strong error bounds.

This new research presents BR-Async-Q, an innovative Q-learning algorithm designed to operate effectively even when faced with corrupted data. The method addresses scenarios where an adversary can manipulate both the rewards and state observations in a reinforcement learning environment. It achieves robustness by processing data in batches and employing robust estimation techniques for the Bellman optimality operator. The algorithm's effectiveness is demonstrated through a proven high-probability error bound. This bound is comparable to that of standard Q-learning, with only a small additional term related to the fraction of corrupted samples. This work marks a significant step, offering the first robustness guarantee for asynchronous Q-learning under both reward and state corruption, and achieving minimax optimal performance when only rewards are corrupted.

Why it matters

Professionals developing AI systems for critical or real-world applications, especially in environments prone to data manipulation or sensor errors, can leverage this research to build more resilient and trustworthy reinforcement learning agents.

How to implement this in your domain

  1. 1Evaluate existing RL systems for vulnerability to adversarial data corruption.
  2. 2Explore integrating batching and robust estimation techniques into custom Q-learning implementations.
  3. 3Benchmark the performance of BR-Async-Q or similar robust RL algorithms against current solutions in simulated corrupted environments.
  4. 4Consider applying these robust learning principles to edge AI deployments where data integrity is often challenged.

Who benefits

Autonomous VehiclesRoboticsCybersecurityIndustrial AutomationFinance

Key takeaways

  • A new Q-learning algorithm, BR-Async-Q, offers robustness against adversarial reward and state corruption.
  • The method uses data batching and robust Bellman operator estimates to achieve its resilience.
  • It provides the first robustness guarantee for asynchronous Q-learning under both types of corruption.
  • The algorithm's error bounds are competitive with vanilla Q-learning, even with corrupted data.

Original post by Sreejeet Maity, Aritra Mitra

"arXiv:2607.20822v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Motivated by reinforcement learning in harsh environments, we consider the problem of learning an optimal policy subject to adversarially corrupted feedback. Specifically, at each time-step, an adversary can perturb both the reward…"

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Originally posted by Sreejeet Maity, Aritra Mitra on X · view source

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